Dhirubhai Ambani Essay Example for Free

Dhirubhai Ambani Essay Man who realized how to lead in this world by making our own way towards progress. Dhirubhai Ambani was notable for his accomplishments. His soul and mentality towards the work made him an additional common honorable man. He was conceived in the little town in province of Gujarat, India and was a child of a teacher. Being in the rousing foundation, he had figured out how to live with trusts and change them into the real world. His certainty helped him achieving every one of his objectives throughout everyday life. Dhirubhai wanted of getting knowledgeable yet it turned as a fantasy and lamented every single through greetings life. Mousumi Kumar. (2012). He trusted in following the correct way and openings will come in the manner. With this demeanor he assembled Reliance Industries which was first private segment Company to enter fortunes worldwide 500 organizations. In 2002, Reliance Industry contributed 3% in India’s GDP and 5% towards nations trade. (The account of Dhirubhai Ambani, 2011.) His Vision Dhirubhai Ambani worked in Aden as a petroleum siphon orderly. He at that point chose as opposed to working for other organization he would begin one of his own. He came back to India and imagined the eventual fate of India. Seek after your objectives even notwithstanding challenges, and convert difficulties into circumstances. Dependence Industries Limited (2005) He generally made the stride further into the business paying little heed to challenges. ‘No’ is the word he never comprehended in his life. His appreciation towards development of India was the fundamental goal of his life. Dhirubhai Ambani drove himself to his vision by building the trust with the individuals all around India. He accepted that Reliance industry was the people groups organization not his. (The narrative of Dhirubhai Ambani, 2011.) The early vision of Dhirubhai was to discover gas and oil in India which he achieved inside 25years of his life. He purchased new innovation from around the globe and fabricates world class treatment facility in India and was pioneer in giving the best framework offices to the individuals in and around him. He was partial to his own ways of thinking. He respected that the individual needs no solicitations to make benefits yet need to get the open doors at correct time. Mousumi Kumar. (2012).When Dhirubhai entered the media transmission industry; his vision was â€Å"Karlo Duniya Muthi Main†, implies keeping the world in your clench hand. This proverb was for him or for his organization as well as for the client of his organization. (The account of Dhirubhai Ambani, 2011.) His Leadership in Organizational Effectiveness An administration quality was an endowment of god for him. He generally thought positive towards any progression he takes throughout everyday life. His characteristics have profited himself as well as to the investors of the organization. He had faith in holding hands with Indian residents as opposed to driving alone. Dhirubhai saw the extraordinary potential in Indian market and found the abilities of Indian individuals. In 1977 when Dhirubhai thought of development and opened his hands to Indian individuals and turned into the public’s organization. The little speculators were not sharp about the company’s development however had put their cash on trust he worked with the individuals. They confided in the uplifting characteristics of Dhirubhai and the pace of development with his inspirational mentality. Mousumi Kumar. (2012) His viability and proficiency made the organization glad in the wake of building the world class treatment facility in Jamnagar (Gujarat). In the time of 11 months he got the best innovation, best foundation and best workers to the plant and made it running inside a year. His motivation has expelled the word ‘impossible’ from the psyche of the individuals. One of the well known way of thinking or statement of Dhirubhai Ambani was Growth has no restriction at Reliance. I continue reexamining my vision. Just when you dream it you can do it. Dependence Industries Limited (2005) and Mousumi Kumar. (2012). He generally believed the future and found that there will be more development in up and coming mechanical period however what drove him to statures was his capacity to locate a best open door for the nation and for individuals. For him trust was more noteworthy than cash. Today the Reliance Industry is notable for its reliability towards the partners and without this methodology Reliance Industries wouldn’t have arrived at such statures. His arrangement was once if the choices are made and ought to be actualized as quickly as time permits with no deferrals or losing the chance. He was man of his words. His capacity to see what's to come was far upward than any man in his occasions. For instance In 1966, Dhirubhai utilized a system of in reverse mix to construct a material domain with no qualm in his psyche. He confronted numerous issues while taking this choice however he generally moved as he kicked the chances and off the new material organization called Vimal. At the point when he made progress with this vital choice he found that he can do anything conceivable in this world with great help and favor of the individuals he confided in. RIL (2005) Adequacy towards his work was increasingly significant for him. Getting the open door isn’t everything except for executing it viably is progressively significant and that is the thing that he deserted after his passing. His vision and crucial the test for himself and he adored playing with those difficulties. He would consistently take difficulties and hindrances on him even in the interest of partners. His way of thinking was dream profoundly and dreaming has no restrictions or hindrances and doesn’t cost a penny. His motivation towards the representatives of Reliance Industry was on the off chance that you don’t get the open door don’t hang tight for yet make one of your own.

Democratic Education in Modern China Essay

Instruction assumes a significant job in changing a general public, this follows from its effect on the thinking of people, changing of culture, change of demeanor, expanded effectiveness and furthermore the upgrade of a methodical investigation of certain documentations that empower the formation of another information among different effects. It empowers the exchange of abilities from one individual to the next and furthermore the sharing of experience that is intended to build proficiency. Instructing society empowers the nation to build up its HR. This is upgraded through the giving of aptitudes that are intended to improve the work profitability and effectiveness in performing fluctuated errands. Instruction additionally impacts correspondence in a positive way as the students are given the abilities on the most proficient method to adequately convey. Powerful correspondence empowers the workers of an association to trade thoughts with much simple, henceforth advancing the sharing of experience that is probably going to upgrade improved productivity in some association. Instruction history in China can be followed to have begun at the underlying phases of the Chinese human progress. It began among the nobles who set up instructive preparing for their young ones. The first school that was set up in quite a while Shang Hsiang, that was intended to show the young and explicitly the nobles on certain aptitudes as gave by the Chinese culture (Deng, 1). The foundation of Shang Hsiang school can in this manner be seen as the beginning stage for instruction in China. A while later the administration built up five national schools that were intended to instruct explicitly the lesser nobles. The national schools thought the six Arts that incorporate custom, science, Calligraphy, Charioteering, Archery and Archery, that shaped the six acts of the Chinese culture. Inside a similar time, hundred ways of thinking rose inside the Chinese people group having Confucianism as the most well known way of thinking. The pioneer of Confucianism, that is Confucius was seen similar to the originator for the training that was intended to arrive at the enormous numbers, that is, teach for the general population. Confucius upheld for the arrangement of training to all the populace without separation and supported the educating of the understudies as per their particular capacity. The supporting for instruction for all and as indicated by their capacity followed the segregation that was existing by then in giving instructive preparing on the grounds that it was just implied for the respectable young people, who were the posterity of he nobles. Thusly, this can be seen just like a mishap in the early advancement of instruction in China during the Cultural Revolution. The achievement and the disappointments of the Cultural Revolution changes in Education. The achievement or the disappointment of the social transformation changes suggest the reach out to which the instructive changes met the implied purposes as gave by the position. In the early foundation of schools in China, the way toward improving instruction was influenced by the political structure, where schools were gathered by political substances so as to pick up favor of social impact. The political structure influenced training relying upon which way of thinking that the pioneers of the general public viewed as being suitable as the different ways of thinking were in rivalry. For instance, Qin Shi Huang supported for legalism, that is, the Chinese way of thinking, and saw different ways of thinking as being pointless (Peterson, 20). Following his demeanor, he used to consume books from different schools of however and covered researchers having a place with the ways of thinking that were not ideal as per him. This activities is one of the significant difficulties that hindered the improvement of training in China during the social unrest. Confucianism was upheld as the national training teaching by Emperor Wu of Han. This circumstance distraught different ways of thinking that never had a high ground in the Chinese governmental issues, regardless of their instructive substance. Else, it was simply a question of the demeanor other than the nature of training inalienable in various schools of ways of thinking. The accomplishment of training in China was anyway bragged by the creation paper in China. This empowered powerful documentation of the instructive lessons, and upgraded simple reference and capacity. The opportunity to get to instruction, that is, the independence of training from political impact was upgraded through the thrashing of the Chinese realm in the Opium war. This denoted the defining moment for instruction standard and access in China. Following the thrashing, the advanced western training spilled into the nation in different dialects. It additionally affected the different parts that incorporated the national resistance and the details that were utilized underway. The legislature likewise flaunted the instruction by sending various understudies to another country to examine changed specialized courses. The families likewise sent their posterity for concentrate in the nations that incorporate the United States of America, Europe and Japan. Towards the finish of the nineteenth Century various high learning organizations were set up that incorporate the Jiaotong University and furthermore the Peking University. On presenting the western training and abandoning the social situated instruction, the Chinese instruction framework centered in upgrading financial modernisation as the principle plan adversary improving the training standard. This course was given in 1984 adhering to the structuring of laws that were intended to oversee the Chinese training framework (Hill and Story, 27). Training plan was likewise planned in 1985 that was intended to change the instruction framework. Among the substance on the arrangement incorporated the multi year mandatory training and furthermore the founding of the State Education Commission. The legislature dedicated assets in the improvement of the instruction norms and guaranteeing that more residents were open to training. In China, the arrangements that have been structured additional time have been shifting back and forth between improving the information likewise the pragmatic use of the information in upgrading national turn of events. This was intended to arrange the training framework in making it applicable for national turn of events. The legislature has likewise been attempting to reduce the holes that exist between the laborers and the workers as far as education. The urban populace additionally appear to be more taught than the country populace, in this manner the legislature has likewise been attempting to seal the hole by providing the rustic populace with the instructive offices. There has additionally been a support for the educated people to take part in giving difficult work in upgrading national turn of events. Science and innovation was offered the primary goal in upgrading national turn of events, anyway sociologies were likewise seen as being fortifying in accomplishing national turn of events. The professional preparing was considered equally significant. The first class were urged to promote their capacities by looking for additional preparation in improving their proficiency and fitness. The savvy people were additionally urged to take part in look into that was intended to make new information in incorporating it which the information from abroad. The recipients of the measures that utilized in choosing understudies for advanced education during the social transformation time, where proposals subject to political availability than merit. The advanced education in China can be seen to have risen after the elements in the political approaches that have been happening in the cutting edge China. The requirement for advanced education emerged because of the accentuation over polished methodologies and the empowering of specialized fitness. In the beginning periods of Chinese social transformation, countless understudies were taken a crack at Red Guard associations which were the higher learning foundations by at that point (Williams, 117). In 1970s, concurring the affirmation standards into the Red Guard, one was admitted to the association just on the off chance that they were suggested from their work unit and had great political certifications, and relying on the prerequisite that they were not engaged with the difficult work. There were no assessments that were intended to assess the capacity of the understudies who were admitted to the University, implying that there was an opportunities for conceding inadequate understudies to the college. Entrance into a college intensely relied upon political associations of an individual other than merit; along these lines one required a political proposal before joining college. Following the models that was utilized in conceding understudies into the college, the training standard was accounted for to had tumbled to a stretch out to which the understudies couldn't peruse a book in the wake of leaving the college in their individual fields of study. This circumstance likewise had an effect of unsettling the college heads. The standards of affirmation just allowed a chance to the offspring of the units and the officials who had associations that were to empower them get confirmation for their kids ‘through the back door’. Along these lines, following the idea of the rules that was utilized to concede understudies, the understudies who profited by the high learning training were the ones who had a political association that was to empower them secure a confirmation through the indirect access. This technique for confirmation burdened the potential understudies who could have made in better in the college because of absence of political association. The offspring of the workers remained off guard implying that the pattern of being politically non-powerful was probably going to endure, as the politically persuasive people were probably going to set up their youngsters to take over after them, henceforth propagating administration inside certain families. The Red Guards can be viewed as being credulous pawns in a world class battle other than being objective entertainers that were to secure their personal matters. The standards that was adjusted by the Red

Loans With No Credit Check Sound Great; Here Are the Risks - OppLoans

Loans With No Credit Check Sound Great; Here Are the Risks - OppLoans Loans With No Credit Check Sound Great; Here Are the Risks Loans With No Credit Check Sound Great; Here Are the RisksIt’s all about finding the right loan for you and also avoiding the many no credit check loans out there that could trap you in a predatory cycle of debt.When you have bad credit and you need a loan, the last thing you want is some lender running a credit check on your application. You already know your score is lousy, and you don’t need a hard credit check dropping it even further.That’s where no credit check loans come in. But while they might seem perfect for someone who needs money now and has bad credit, they come with significant risks. Before taking out a loan with no credit check, you need to know exactly what you’re getting yourself into and what potential pitfalls to avoid. What are no credit check loans?The most common types of no credit check loans are payday loans, which are also known as “cash advances.” These are small-dollar short-term loans that rarely run more than a couple  of hundred dollars an d that come with an average repayment period of two weeks.Title loans are another type of short-term no credit check loan; they come with slightly higher principals and longer repayment periods. Unlike payday loans, title loans are secured, using the title to the borrower’s car or truck as collateral.No credit check loans are oftentimes much easier to obtain than regular personal loans. Even though they don’t run a credit check, some lenders will verify a borrower’s income before lending to them, while others simply ask for as little as an ID and a valid bank account.Why don’t these lenders check credit scores?When you apply for a loan from a traditional lender like a bank, they will check your credit history as a part of the application. This involves running a hard check” on your credit, which returns your credit score and a copy of your credit report.Checking your credit history allows these companies to assess how you’ve fared when borrowing money in the past, and it also gives them a window into how much debt you currently owe. Both of these factors help them make their decision. If you have a poor credit score, the odds are very high that you’ll be rejected.But with no credit check loans, the process is quite different. These are bad credit loans, which  are most often used by people who already have low credit scores. This makes checking the borrower’s credit a little beside the point.When a lender runs a hard credit check on a person’s credit history, that check is recorded on the borrower’s credit report and can temporarily lower their scoreâ€"even if the application is denied. One of the main advantages to no credit check loans is that applying for one won’t impact the borrowers credit score at all.However, there are also many downsides Theyre more expensive.Since most no credit check loan borrowers have lower credit scores, the default rate (or the percentage of customers that fail to pay back their loan) is much higher than th e default rates for regular loans.As such, no credit check loans come with much higher interest rates than standard personal loans. And some of them, including payday loans and title loans, come with rates that are way, way higher! (This is true for both online loans  and loans from a brick-and-mortar lender.)But it can tricky to see just how much higher they really are. Standard personal loans come with interest rates below 36 percentâ€"and oftentimes well below that for borrowers with prime credit scores. Meanwhile, the average rate for a payday loan is 15 percent, while the average rate for a title loan is 25 percent. Those numbers seem a little on the higher side, but generally fine.Except here’s the catch: The interest rate for those personal loans is assessed on an annual basis, while those interest charges for payday loans are only assessed over periods of two weeks and one month, respectively.Whenever you’re shopping for any kind of loan or credit card, make sure you che ck its annual percentage rate (APR) to get a similar comparison between products. The APR for a two-week payday loan with a 15 percent interest charge is almost 400 percent, while the APR for a one-month payday loan with a 25 percent interest charge is 300 percent!As we said, the interest rates for some of these no credit check loans are way, way higher!It wont help your credit score.The most important part of your credit score is your payment history, which makes up 35 percent of your total score. Every time you make a credit card payment, a loan payment, or even pay your rent (in some cases), that information gets recorded on your credit report. So much as one late payment can dramatically impact your score.For folks with bad credit, building a positive payment history is one of the best things they can do to improve their score. But with short-term no credit check loans, most lenders don’t report payment information to the credit bureaus, meaning that on-time payments cant help borrowers build their payment history and improve their overall score.This is the flipside of no credit checks. These lenders don’t care if their customers have poor credit, but they don’t take steps to help customers improve their credit, either.But this isn’t true for all bad credit lenders. Some companies, like OppLoans, do report payment information to the credit bureaus. Before you take out a loan, check and see whether it could help you build better credit!You risk entering a cycle of debt.Here’s how a cycle of debt works: A borrower has so much debt that they can’t afford to pay it off. All they can afford to do is make their minimum paymentsâ€"which isnt nearly enough, but still adds up to quite a bit of money every month.Because they’re putting so much money into their debt, they can’t afford to save any money either. When an unexpected bill arises, all the person can do is …. take on more debt to cover it! This means they have to start putting even more mo ney towards their monthly minimum payments. And so the cycle continues.Here’s a slight variation on that: A person takes out a $300 payday loan to cover a car repair and has to pay back $345 two weeks later. When their due date arrives, they find that paying $345 all at once will leave them with no money to buy groceries.This person then pays off their loan and immediately takes out a new payday loan, once again paying $45 in interest on a $300 loan. Two weeks later, the same thing happens. This time, they roll over their loan, paying off the $45 owed and receiving a two-week extension … in return for an additional $45 interest charge.Two weeks after that, they still can’t afford to pay back their loan, and so the cycle continues.A study from the Pew Charitable Trusts found that well over 80 percent of payday loan borrowers didn’t have the money in their monthly budgets to cover their loan payments. This is partly because payday loans (and other short-term no credit check lo ans) require borrowers to pay their loans off all at once.If you’re looking for a no credit check loan, look into the benefits of an amortizing installment loan. These loans are designed to be repaid in a series of smaller, regularly scheduled paymentsâ€"and their amortizing structure means that every payment goes towards both the interest and the principal amount owed. Each payment you make will bring you one step closer to zeroing out your debt.Look into a “soft credit check” loan.Folks with bad credit who need to borrow money to bridge an unexpected financial gapâ€"and who can’t borrow it from friends or familyâ€"should look into a variation on no credit check loans called “soft credit check” loans.A soft credit check returns less information than a hard credit check, but it still gives a lender some idea of a borrower’s history with credit. Along with other underwriting factors, like income verification, a soft credit check can help a lender determine whether or no t a person can actually afford the loan they’re applying for.And that’s really the key. When you have bad credit and you need a loanâ€"especially in times of financial emergencyâ€"it’s all too easy to borrow a loan that you can’t really afford to pay back. That’s how people end up trapped in a cycle of debt, with their financial outlook looking dimmer by the day.Credit-building. Manageable, amortized payments. Soft credit checks. Reasonable interest rates. Find a lender who can offer you all of these, and you’ll be well on your way to finding a no credit check loan that works for you.Other than building an emergency fund, the best way to avoid no credit check loans is to improve your credit score! To learn more about how you can fix your credit, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Want to Raise Your Credit Score by 50 Points? Here Are Some TipsNo Credit Card? Here Are 6 Ways You Can Still Fix Your Credit ScoreCredit Utilization Ratio: What It Is, Wh y It’s Important, and How to Master ItWhy You Should NOT Close That Old Credit CardDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |Instagram

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - 1766 Words

Theory Critique on: Cognitive Behavioral and Reality Therapy Liberty College Debra Borzym Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Aaron Beck is known as the pioneer of cognitive therapy, which has been a utilized approach to psychotherapy. Beck attempted to further Freud’s theory of depression; however, the research moved more towards errors in logic, coined â€Å"cognitive distortions† which were deemed the basis of underlying dysfunction and depression. The fundamental aspect of cognitive therapy, which later integrated components of behaviorism, was the carry-over of negative beliefs that reflected the individual’s pathological behavior. In addition to Beck, Albert Ellis contributed to the development of a cognitive†¦show more content†¦Challenge and action towards unfair and unjust treatment of others has been the foundation for socialized modifications in society. If people did not question social unfairness then there would have never been righteousness or change. Jesus Christ went against the values of the people of his time. He went out into the world and offered others a different way to live. He accepted others, such as Mary Magdalene for whom they were and did not judge nor persecute them. Cognitive behavioral theory focus es more thought and actions, which eliminates a judgmental stance that can be defeatist to client esteem. The client in essence can perceive this as accepting, just like Jesus, which can be fertile towards the client having esteem in him or herself. That esteem can motivate action and change. The client in essence will â€Å"move a muscle to change a thought†. Lastly I have mixed views on the use of confrontation in this therapy. If done correctly this practice can promote change but I question what right a counselor has on saying what is healthy or unhealthy for a client. This is why I see the therapy as limited There are times when a client is facing immediate crisis and does not have time to explore and connect piece of the past to promote the needed change that’s why I feel this therapy can be appropriate. At the same time a present issue may go unresolved if the client is unable to â€Å"connect the dots† which show a history of dysfunctionalShow More RelatedBehavioral Therapies : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1752 Words   |  8 PagesFrom the lens of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, an integrated mix of both cognitive and behavioral approaches is best suited the treatment of clients. All the approaches under Cognitive Behavioral Therapy require several different attributes. Some of them being; the need for a positive working relationship between client and therapist, the belief that distress is a cognitive process, treatment is a focus in changing cognitions to create positive change in mood or behavior. Changing irrationalRead MoreBehavioral Therapy And Cognitive Therapy869 Words   |  4 Pagespaper, I will compare and contrast Group Therapy and Cognitive therapy, more specifically, dialectical behavioral therapy, and the differences between assessment types that clinicians use to determine a diagnosis and therapy that would best benefit their client. In the second part of my paper, I will discuss and address different consi derations in which a therapist should make in order to provide a safe and effectively therapeutic environment. Though therapy is a largely utilized form of mental healthRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy2168 Words   |  9 PagesBackground Developed in the mid 1960s by Aaron Beck, the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model theorizes that the interpretation of both external and internal events is biased, and can tap unhealthy underlying beliefs that potentially lead to emotional distress (Beck, 2005). Over the years CBT has accumulated an impressive track record in the treatment of a variety of mood disorders. In 1985, a review of 220 studies using CBT in the treatment of depression concluded that 91% supported the modelRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1447 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy Djiedjorm Doe (Dede) Middlesex Community College Cognitive behavioral therapy, commonly known as CBT, is a systematic process by which we learn to change our negative thought into more positive ones. CBT is a combination of two types of therapy, cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. cognition is our thought, so cognitive behavioral therapy combines working with our thought process and changing our behavior at the same time. Cognitive behavioral therapistsRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1502 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy, in its most modern form, was developed in 1960 by Aaron T. Beck. However, CBT has an interesting history dating back to the 1920s in the United States and even earlier in other parts of the world. â€Å"Precursors of certain fundamental aspects of CBT have been identified in various ancient philosophical traditions, particularly Stoicism. Stoic philosophers, particularly Epictetus, believed logic could be used to identify and discard false beliefs that lead to destructiveRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Narrative Therapy1706 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing on in his every day life. The two that we have chosen are Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Narrative therapy. We will look into both of these and also as we do that we will find out what the role of the social worker is in both cases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help you notice the discouraging thoughts that make you feel bad. These thoughts are sometimes called irrational or automatic thoughts. Using Cognitive-behavioral therapy you can learn to stop these thoughts and replace them with helpfulRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Narrative Therapy1706 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing on in his every day life. The two that we have chosen are Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Narrative therapy. We will look into both of these and also as we do that we will find out what the role of the social worker is in both cases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help you notice the discouraging thoughts that make you feel bad. These thoughts are sometimes called irrational or automatic thoughts. Using Cognitive-behavioral therapy you can learn to stop these thoughts and replace them with helpfulRead MoreCognitive Behavioral And Behavioral Family Therapy2903 Words   |  12 Pages Week 11 Assignment: Signature Assignment: Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy Rayon L. Walton Nortcentral University One of the most effective components of MFT is Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy (CBFT). CBFT incorporates cognitive processes that affect behavior and applies it to the therapeutic process of clients. The foundational principles of CBFT stem from behavioral concepts that were impacted by issues that affected clients such as phobias, anxiety and parenting deficiencies;Read MoreCognitive Therapies And Behavioral Therapy982 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive behavioral therapy, on the contrary, utilizes directive consulting tools to control and guide its patients. These include such things as asking questions, interpreting, and providing direction to a client’s attention and emotions. â€Å"Aaron Beck developed cognitive therapy, an approach that focuses on recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs into more realistic and constructive thoughts and beliefs† (Erford, 2014). It is believed that cognitive behavioral therapyRead MoreCognitive Psycholo gy : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1700 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy is a school of psychotherapy that intends to assist individuals with conquering their emotional issues. A focal idea in CBT is that you feel the way you think. Therefore, CBT focuses on the fact that you can live all the more cheerfully and effectively in you begin thinking with a better mindset. CBT urges you to comprehend that you re thought process or beliefs lie between the occasion and your definitive sentiments and activities. The

Essay on The Awakening - 733 Words

Criticism of The Awakening Reading through all of the different criticism of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening has brought about ideas and revelations that I had never considered during my initial reading of the novel. When I first read the text, I viewed it as a great work of art to be revered. However, as I read through all of the passages, I began to examine Chopin’s work more critically and to see the weaknesses and strengths of her novel. Reading through others interpretations of her novel has also brought forth new concepts to look at again. In An American Madame Bovary, Cyrille Arnavon argues that â€Å"there seems to be insufficient justification for Edna’s ‘romantic’ suicide, and this is the main weakness of this fine†¦show more content†¦However, in her suicide, Edna is giving herself to her children, to Robert, to everyone but herself. Another interesting aspect of the novel is irony, which seems to play a significant role throughout the story. Although we read about Edna’s awakening, she seems to be sleeping during most of it. As George Arms notes, â€Å"When she first openly seeks out Robert and takes him--again amusingly--to Sunday morning mass, she is drowsy at the service . . .† (200). Edna sleeps the day away at a nearby house. Then, as Arms also points out, Edna is awakened â€Å"to an erotic life not through Robert, whom she truly loves, but through Alcee, whom she uses merely as a convenience (200). But when Robert returns, she informs him that he had been the one to awaken her. So who was it really? Then there is the irony found in the use of her children, whom she â€Å"has little intimacy, and her husband accuses her of neglecting them.† (201). Yet she would die for her children according to her own words. Edna’s great desire to be with Robert and have her dreams fulfilled are a possibility when Robert comes to her. She tells him â€Å"nothing else in the world is of any consequence† (238). Yet she leaves him to be with Adele. As Cynthia Griffin Wolff explains, â€Å"To have stayed with Robert would have meant consummation, finally, the joining of her dreamlike passion to a flesh and blood lover; to leave was to risk that opportunity† (239). Was it that Edna was afraid to stay andShow MoreRelatedAwakenings Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pagesbeginning to end the movie The Awakening, Robin Williams demonstrates his knowledge of the scientific method. The scientific method is a procedure of steps that is used to prove something. In the movie it is used to show that patients suffering from an un-named disorder do have a slight opportunity to return to their normal state of being. The scientific method is a list of steps to prove something and make into a law or theory based on your final product andThe Awakening findings. It is composedRead MoreEssay on The Awakening751 Words   |  4 Pages The Awakening Analytical Essay THE AWAKENING Throughout Kate Chopin’s, The Awakening, numerous scenes of birth and renewal are depicted. Various symbols placed throughout the book show Edna Pontellier’s awakenings. For instance, many references are made to oceans and water. It is in the water that Edna has her first rebirth, but it is also the place where she chooses to die. Water symbolizes life, which is the reason that Edna’s renewal takes place there, but it also symbolizes darkness andRead More The Awakening Essay1036 Words   |  5 Pages The Awakening opens in the late 1800s in Grand Isle, a summer holiday resort popular with the wealthy inhabitants of nearby New Orleans. Edna Pontellier is vacationing with her husband, Là ©once, and their two sons at the cottages of Madame Lebrun, which house affluent Creoles from the French Quarter. Là ©once is kind and loving but preoccupied with his work. His frequent business-related absences mar his domestic life with Edna. Con sequently, Edna spends most of her time with her friend Adà ¨le RatignolleRead MoreEssay on The Awakening1358 Words   |  6 Pageswomen throughout America would be drastically different and would withhold fewer rights if it were not for women in the nineteenth and twentieth century like the characters Madame Ratignolle, Edna Pontellier, and Mademoiselle Reisz in the novel The Awakening, by Kate Chopin. They shaped America into a place where freedom and equality for women is possible. Although the three women were different, they all contributed to different aspects of the feminist movement. Each character represents a distinctRead More The Awakening Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pages Edna Pontellier Throughout The Awakening, a novel by Kate Chopin, the main character, Edna Pontellier showed signs of a growing depression. There are certain events that hasten this, events which eventually lead her to suicide. At the beginning of the novel when Ednas husband, Leonce Pontellier, returns from Kleins hotel, he checks in on the children and believing that one of them has a fever he tells his wife, Edna. She says that the child was fine when he went to bed, but Mr. PontellierRead More Essay on The Awakening712 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Views of The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about human nature. In Chopins time, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, many critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Ednas suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics.    SymbolismRead More The Awakening Essays982 Words   |  4 Pages The Awakening is a novel about the growth of a woman into her own person, in spite of the mold society has formed for her. The book follows Edna Pontellier through about a year of her life. During this time we see her struggle to find who she really is, because she knows she cannot be happy filling the role of the mother-woman that society has created for her. She did not believe that she could break from this pattern because of the pressures of society, and ends up taking her own life. ShouldRead MoreThe Awakening Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesThe novel The Awakening by Kate Chopin takes place in the early 1920s on the Grand Isles of Louisiana. The Grand Isles is a resort for the wealthy. The theme of this novel is about a woman named Edna who awakens to a new life as she discovers her independence. In the novel Edna also awakens to her love for Robert Leburn and most importantly she awakens to the knowledge that her husband is not in control of her life. Edna and Mr. Pontelliers relationship begins to get worse after he leaves forRead MoreEssay The Awakening640 Words   |  3 Pages The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, tells one woman’s story of her attempt to awaken to her true wants and desires for her life. When Edna Pontellier spends the summer on Grand Isle, she begins to think beyond the role of wife and mother that she has played so far. She begins to think of herself as a separate person with independent thoughts and feelings. Her transformation is difficult and she has great trouble deciding what she really wants in life. Edna attempts to discard all of the traditional valuesRead More The Awakening Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesthe fact that an author is able to convey his/her message clearer and include things in the book that cannot be exhibited in a movie. For this reason, the reader of the book is much more effected than the viewer of the film. In the novella, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, there is much more evidence of symbolism as well as deeper meaning than in the movie version of the book, Grand Isle. Chopin conveys her symbolic messages through the main character’s newly acquired ability to swim, through the birds

Essay on Laurent Clerc - 769 Words

Perhaps one of the most notable and widely known members in Deaf society is Laurent Clerc, who was a teacher for the deaf. Born on December 26, 1785 in La Balme-les-Grottes, in southeastern France to hearing parents, it is unknown for sure whether Clerc was born deaf or was deafened later on in life. It is believed that Clerc became deaf at the age of one when he had fallen from his high chair into a fire, badly burning his cheek. He developed a fever from the burn, and was later found out to have lost his sense of smell and hearing. As far as it is known, Clerc was non-speaking and relied on pen and paper to those who could not communicate using sign language. For the first eleven years of his life, Clerc was not sent to school. At the†¦show more content†¦However, during the 52-day journey he made it a point to master the use of the English language. This knowledge paired with the use of French Sign Language contributed greatly to evolution of American sign language. Toge ther, Clerc and Gallaudet founded the first deaf school in the United States, what is now known as the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. The school opened on April 15, 1817 with Gallaudet serving as the principal and Clerc as the head teacher. Aside from teaching the students, Clerc was responsible to training the future teachers and administrators of the School. He was sent to other schools throughout the United States to continue to teach his methods to both students and prospective teachers, and his influence on teaching the deaf spread widely throughout the United States. Though Laurent Clerc had originally planned of staying the United States for only three years and then returning to his native France, Clerc married a former student of his and decided to settle in the states. He did, however, return to his homeland to visit. After 50 years of teaching for the deaf, Clerc retired from teaching in 1858. He died at the age of 84 on July 18, 1869. The legacy of Laurent Clerc is long withstanding. As the first teacher for deaf individuals, he pioneered a system of teaching the deaf that carries on today. Without him, the American School for the Deaf may not have come to fruition. By offering classes in signShow MoreRelatedEssay Laurent Clerc Pioneer Teacher958 Words   |  4 PagesLaurent Clerc Pioneer Teacher 1785-1869 Laurent Clerc was born in LaBalme, France, on Dec. 26 1785. His father was Mayor of the town and the family could boast of a long line of magistrates in the Clerc lineage. At the age of one, the infant fell from a kitchen chair by accident into a nearby fireplace. He was burned on one side of his face and a fever left him totally deaf. He had uncle also named Laurent Clerc, who heard about the school for the deaf in Paris. When he was twelve years oldRead MoreLaurent Clercs Deaf School529 Words   |  2 Pages Laurent Clerc was born on December 26, 1785. It is believed that Clerc became deaf by falling off of his high chair into the kitchen fireplace around age one. He had gotten a severe burn on his right cheek, and a fever developed, and later on his hearing and smelling senses were damaged. It was never quite clear whether he was born deaf, or if it had been a cause of his accident. Clerc’s parents had tried many different treatments to get Clercs hearing back, although none of them succeeded. Read MoreThe Apostle Of The Deaf Essay1833 Words   |  8 PagesLouis Laurent Marie Clerc or commonly known as the â€Å"Apostle of the Deaf in America†, was born December 26, 1785 in La Balme -les-Grottes, France. Mr. Clerc was born in a village in the south-eastern side of France; he came from a well off middle class family that would have been considered bourgeois for his time. His father was Joseph Francis Clerc a civil attorney for the royal family and his mother was Marie Elizabeth Candy whose father was a notary public. Her father as well as being an attorneyRead MoreSummary : American Sign Language 957 Words   |  4 PagesGallaudet didn’t think that those methods were the best, so he went on to France. While he was there, Gallaudet met Laurent Clerc, a Deaf teacher who taught at Institut Royal des Sourds-Muets (the Royal Institution for Deaf-Mutes) in Paris. Gallaudet liked the technique that Clerc used to teach his Deaf students. Fifteen months later, Galla udet returned to America with Laurent Clerc. Together with Dr. Cogswell s help, they established the American Asylum for Deaf-Mutes, later renamed the AmericanRead MoreImproving the Lives of So Many: The Invention of Sign Language823 Words   |  3 Pagesbut to enrich the lives of all.† This important quote from Laurent Clerc shows his opinion on the acceptance of Deaf people in the world. He understood through first hand experience the importance of communication and education for the Deaf community. Eventually with the help of Thomas Gallaudet Sign Language was brought to the US and together the pair helped improve the lives of Deaf people living in the United States. Laurent Clerc was a deaf man from France born on December 26th 1785. HeRead MoreSeeing Voices : A Journey Into The World Of The Deaf1075 Words   |  5 Pagesto write down what was taught to them through a signing interpreter. One of the teachers at the institution named Laurent Clerc, was himself a deaf-mute. He was encouraged by the Reverend Thomas Gallaudet in 1817 to come to America. Together Clerc and Gallaudet founded the American Asylum for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. This was the first American school for the deaf. Clerc taught the French system of sign, this mixed with the native sign languages among deaf communities help to form AmericanRead MoreThe Importance of Language and Culture3202 Words   |  13 Pagesfor deaf children. This lead to the establishment of teachering training program that allow persons from around the world to take his methods back to their home countries. Laurent Clerc was a deaf pupil at the Institution Nationale Des Sourds-Muets, a f amous deaf school in Paris founded by Charles de I’Epee in 1760. Laurent Clerc made a dynamic impact on Deaf Americans for generations to come by providing total access communication style of education. As the first teacher of the deaf in America heRead MoreChloe Ziff . Professor Gary Rosenblatt. April 13, 2017.991 Words   |  4 Pagescentury. After a Pennsylvania, preacher named Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet had met a young deaf girl named Alice Cogswell, he set off to Europe to learn how to educate her. There he met Abbe Sicard and Laurent Clerc who taught him ways in which they educated deaf children in Paris. Gallaudet brought Clerc back to the United States where they founded the American School for the Deaf in 1817. Gallaudet is a school where deaf people came to get educated. After they had learned ASL, they spread across theRead MoreSigns Of The Deaf Community Sign Language1279 Words   |  6 Pagesmanner of communication with the deaf. His essays showed his own system of language for the deaf including an alphabet and a series of studies on phonetics (Duchan). Moving forward, we meet two men named Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc. Gallaudet and Clerc are the men most responsible for the sign language in America (Rosen). During the 18th century sign languages started developing throughout France and America and by the time 1885 rolled around Juan Pablo Bonet’s findings were finallyRead MoreI Am A Future Speech Language Pathologist1307 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage. As well as according to Delaporte and Shaw (2011) linguists and anthropologists have long argued that LSF influenced the majority of the ASL lexicon. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc brought LSF to the United States in 1817 when they opened the American School for the deaf. Gallaudet brought Clerc to the United States after spending years looking for sign language guidance throughout Europe. According to Gallaudet University’s biography, Thomas fell into deaf culture, around 1814

Principles of Accounting for Ethics- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePrinciples of Accountingfor Ethics in the Future. Answer: Accountant Skills and Ethics in the Future The future of the accountants would more complicated, complex and typical because they would be required more innovative, dynamic and effective skills and ethics in order to perform various functions related to auditing, accounting, and financial. In addition to this, it is also important to know that, the future would be uncertain for the accounting people and they have to perform a number of challenging tasks and functions in more complicated business environment. For example, in the future, there would be tight competition, up-gradation in the technology, changes in the accounting rules and standards, more competitive and globalized economy. These factors would affect and force the accountants to acquire different accounting skills and ethics. For example, in the future, the accountants would have to follow Technical and ethical competencies in order to perform their tasks. It means they have to conduct their financial and accoutring functions by defining specific standards. In th e same way, they have to maintain the highest standards of integrity, independence and scepticism in the future (Lobo, and Zhao, 2013). Apart from this, the future would also enforce the accountants to become more intelligent. For instance, with the help of the intelligence ability, the accountants would have to gain depth knowledge in order to solve more complicated problems. They would have to think strategically and positively in order to conduct their functions in the future. The future would also require more creativity by the individual accountants so that they could be able to use existing knowledge and information in the new situation to overcome the accounting issues or challenges. Along with this, it is also important to know that, the accountants would have to focus on becoming more and more emotional intelligence in order to regulate and manage complicated standards and norms in the area of accounting (Humphrey, 2008). Moreover, technological advancement in the future would also force the accountants to be more innovative and digital quotient. It means they would have to work on the new and innovative technologies by replacing the existing. For example, the accountants would have to aware about the applications, concepts, roles and principles of emerging digital technologies in the future and they have to conduct their practices and role as per the technology (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004). At the same time, it would be more essential and valuable for the accountants to strictly and effectively adopt the ethical codes of conduct, practices, standards, norms and policies in conducting their accounting functions. Additionally, due to the tight competition and highly globalized economy in the future, the accountants would have to improve their ability to access and anticipate the upcoming trends accurately and effectively by extrapolating existing trends and facts, and filling the gaps by thinking innovativel y (Libet, 2002). Moreover, in the Morden world of technologies, the accountants would also have to improve the decision making and situation handling skills effectively. For case, the future would require to effectively and adequately understand the needs, wants, expectations, and desire of customer in conducting of accounting transactions and preparing financial statements. But these future skills would be more beneficial, effective, valuable and significant for the accountants. For example, by acquiring these skills and ethical knowledge, they would be able to fulfil their long term objectives and day to day functions as per the organisational policies and standards. Moreover, these future skills would also provide significant opportunities to the accountants in accessing the current market trends and situations. They would be able to more satisfy their customer and internal external stakeholders (Hodge, Kennedy, and Maines, 2004). On the other hand, these skills would allow them to take strategic decisions to overcome various complicated business decisions. In the same way they will be able to work in any kinds of business situation. At the same time, these skills would also help the accountants in improve their current knowledge and skills. Moreover, these skills would also improve their ability to effectively compete in the market. For example, they would be able to understand how to achieve competitive scope or advantages from the more competitive and globalized economy. Overall, it can be said that, the accountants should focus on improving their future accounting skills in order to attain their objectives effectively (Porter, and Norton, 2008). References Hodge, F. D., Kennedy, J. J., and Maines, L. A., (2004). Does search-facilitating technology improve the transparency of financial reporting? The Accounting Review 79 (3), pp, 687703 Humphrey, C., (2008). Auditing research: A review across the disciplinary divide. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal 21 (2), pp, 170 203. Libet, B., (2002). The timing of mental events: Libets experimental findings and their implications. Consciousness and Cognition 11 (2), pp. 291299. Lobo, G. J., and Zhao, Y. (2013). Relation between audit effort and financial report misstatements: Evidence from quarterly and annual restatements. The Accounting Review, 88(4),pp, 1385-1412. Porter, G., and Norton, C. (2008). Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Makers (6thed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2004). Accounting Theory. USA: Cengage Learning EMEA.

Critique Of The Limited Inc. Essays - Target Corporation

Critique Of The Limited Inc. Critique of The Limited INC. Overall, we think that our classmates, Melissa and Jay, did a good job in their paper. Here are just few comments and suggestion that we think our classmates have missed. History: The management of the Limited relies heavily on the shoulders of CEO Leslie Wexner. The analyst has criticized him that he is frequently creating new businesses that evidently fails. The underperforming stores are as follow: *sum* 1995 Limited Inc. own 84% of Intimate Brands, Inc. o Closure of 79 underperforming stores *sum* 1996 Closure of 135 underperforming stores. *sum* 1998 Abercrombie & Fitch became independent. Limited Inc. on longer have ownership *sum* 1999 Limited Inc. became independent through a tax-free spin-off. He has not been successful in being a good day-to-day manager. As recent as the mid-1990's he had 24 associates reporting directly to himself. His employees should not rely upon him and instead they should be able to make decisions by themselves without consulting with Mr. Wexner. This direct communication between Mr. Wexner and his employees probably hindered the business. Not empowering his employees to make decision-making can be detrimental to the company business because his employees' suggestions may have had significant contribution to the company and its ability to remain open. They need to implement a strategy where the employees are allowed to make suggestions and comments. Mission Statement Their mission statement is weak. It has been criticized to be a sexiest advertisement. Limited focused heavily in promoting women in their advertising. Limited needs to revise this mission statement so that the consumer will realize that Limited also caters for men. External Analysis Limited has encountered a few lawsuits. On September 14,1999, two complaints were filed against the company and its subsidiary, Lane Bryant. The complaint was related to labor practices allegedly employed on the island of Saipan. It was dismissed because the Department of Labor has commended their high labor standards; the DOL has placed the Limited Co. on the trendsetters list, which insures that their goods were not made in sweatshop conditions. DOL supported Limited Co. with this lawsuit because Limited Co. has a reputation to conduct business according to ethical standards. The employees of Limited Co. take pride in complying with their high policy related to labor standards. Limited Co. is known for its problem solving abilities; the company takes precautions when faced with any lawsuit. They meticulously research the lawsuit and make immediate changes to eliminate future lawsuits. Limited Co. is fast to respond to any accusation they encounter. Limited Co. has a very strong connection with DOL and DOL will continue to support their corporate image. Limited Co.'s employees are encouraged to comply with policies that maintain the integrity and honesty of the company. Limited Co.'s website encourages visitors to send in comments and complaints, so that they can correct unknown problems immediately Social Factors Their second strength is that Limited Co. is a highly active member of the community. They participate in hundreds of charity functions, such as the Columbia reads program. This program in conjunction with the government has sponsored 400 employees that visit kindergarten classes in the Ohio area for one-on-one tutoring on company pay. The 400 employees voluntarily participated in this program because they are committed and they take pleasure in helping improve the community. Industrial Analysis-Porter's Five Forces Model 1. Potential Entry of New Competitor (Medium) The barrier to enter the market is minimal and free to entry. This makes the potential of new entrants high. However, it is difficult to compete with Limited because it involves many factors, such as capital, patent, economies of scale, and market leader position, therefore, the potential to entry for new competitors is medium. 2. Bargain Power of Customers (Medium) There are many alternatives in the market; therefore the buyer's switching cost is low. Consumers do not have the power to bargain because Limited does not sell their merchandise at wholesale or at a discount. Limited provides qualitative features such as, better quality and they enhance their brand image. 3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Low) Limited offer fair compensation and benefits, consequently this will motivate their suppliers to comply with their laws and regulation. 4. Potential Development of Substitute Products (High) Ideally, Limited product can be easily substituted. There are many substitute products. Many consumers

Marketing-Consumer Behavior essay

Marketing-Consumer Behavior essay Marketing-Consumer Behavior essay Marketing-Consumer Behavior essayMarriott Hotels is a renowned international brand operating in the hospitality industry that focuses on the international market expansion and attempts to gain the positive brand image through the formation of the positive perception of the brand by the public.The perception of the brand is quite positive at the moment. At the moment, Marriott Hotels attempts to create a stronger brand image through the formation of the vision of the company as the hospitality company offering hospitality services of the superb quality. The development of the positive perception of the brand image is achieved through advertisements based on the video advertisement that visualizes the ideal hospitality services offered by Marriott Hotels. Video offers not only visual messages conveyed to the audience but also audio messages that stress the positive image of the company’s hospitality services. The advertisement emphasizes the superb quality of services offered by the company. The company makes a breakthrough distinguishing its services from other companies operating in the hospitality industry. In such a way, the company attracts the target customer group and draws attention to its brand and hospitality services as the company that offers high quality hospitality services worldwide and offers the full range of hospitality-related services.The advertisement of the company contributes to the formation of a strong brand image that customers can easily retain in their memory due to the bright images and colors used in the course of the advertisement. The advertisement is catchy and bright but, at the same time, it creates a solid image of the company that customers learn and retain in their memory. As a result, customers form a strongly positive image of the company and develop a positive attitude to the company and its services. The advertisement persuades them that Marriott Hotels can offer superb hospitality services in any part of the world .The exposure (stimulus) of the advertisement catches the attention of the audience. At the same time, the interpretation (individual meaning) of the advertisement is clear since the audience understands that Marriott Hotels offer hospitality services of the superb quality. The advertisement influences the sensory perception of the advertisement.   The audience almost feels the scent of the environment, where the advertisement is shot. The sound is distinct and clear. The audio watermarking is virtually present in the advertisement. The sound symbolism gives positive implications and makes the audience wanting to touch the screen. The advertisement is haptic conveying the development of positive emotions and rise of the expectations of the miracle to come. The exposure of the advertisement creates the expectation of happiness from services of the superb quality of products of Marriott Hotels. The audience becomes active participants rather than mere viewers of the advertisement. T he advertisement manipulates certainty as it shows almost improbable benefits offered by Marriott Hotels.The visualization makes a breakthrough forming the difference of Marriott Hotels from other hotels. The advertisement uses distinct stimuli such as video imaging. The relevance of the content of the advertisement and its message is accurate and high. The interpretation of the advertisement may vary due to the variety of objects depicted during the advertisement that may have multiple meanings and implications.In such a way, the advertisement makes the clear perceptual positioning of Marriott Hotels as the company offering superb hospitality services.

Right Whales in today's environment Research Paper

Right Whales in today's environment - Research Paper Example They are slow swimmers and usually perform short shallow dive successively before going under water. They normally move from place to place in small numbers or on their own. They also give out soft sounds that could be their means of communication. Most of these huge whales live in temperate waters, and are located more frequently in coastal waters, particularly throughout the breeding period (Knowlton & Kraus 193-194). King Sancho the Wise, in 1150, awarded rights to Navarre, an area in northern Spain, to collect or impose fee on whalebone. This is the beginning of whale hunting, which killed thousands of right whales. The name of the species came from early whalers, who believed that this whale was the ‘right’ whale to hunt (Knowlton & Kraus 193). Their slow movement, their proximity to land, and their ‘output’ or uses made them profitable to hunt. At present, very few right whales exist. Ever since whaling stopped in the 1930s, equally reduced species, li ke the right whale of the Southern Ocean, have shown remarkable restoration. Unfortunately, the population of North Atlantic right whale failed to recover. Very few are being born, while numerous are dying, usually due to human activities like fishing and shipping. Because right whales are located in coastal areas, it is highly at risk of human activities. With a decimated, slow-increasing population, even minor threat could have a huge effect. The impact of pollutants on the vulnerability of right whales to disease and reproductive functioning is becoming more and more an area of concern. For instance, studies have revealed that North Atlantic right whales are substantially exposed to harmful substances (Schick et al. 5). Today experts are teaming up, employing various approaches, methods, and tools, to examine the health and habitats of right whales; their migration patterns; and, the changes in their population over time. An accurate understanding of these factors can significant ly contribute to the development of appropriate and effective conservation and management systems that can boost the recovery of the species. Researchers in the 1950s largely shared the opinion that the North Atlantic right whale was either endangered or already extinct. However, several whale researchers in the 1960s observed a small number of right whales. The message was obvious—North Atlantic right whales survived (IFAW ‘Ending Commercial Whaling’ para 1). A research was published in 1990 that reported that the major reasons for the death of right whales were entanglements in fishing nets and ship collisions (Knowlton & Kraus 193-194). By the latter part of the 1990s marine biologists already knew that right whales will eventually become extinct due to harmful human activities. A major factor in the decimation of North Atlantic right whales is manmade mortality. Not like the recuperating population of Southern Ocean right whale, which moves to less trafficked and inhabited waters, North Atlantic right whales are widely exposed to accidents, like ship collisions. These accidents result in lethal distress to whales, such as fractured ribs, brain cases, and jaws. Right whales also collide with fishing gears (Greenpeace International para 4-5). Some of them can free themselves from entanglements, while others cannot. Being caught in fishing gears causes death to right whales. Unfortunately, preventing collisions between whales and ships is very hard. Sometimes, right whales are not able to avoid or identify big ships. Thus far, there are

The importance of Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The importance of Auditing - Essay Example The research paper is specifically meant to explore the reasons why developing countries in particular often fail to meet their expectations in terms of economic development. As such, the hypothesis for the research is: "Implementing better regulated auditing systems with severe consequences for not passing the audit will help developing countries to improve their economic development and avoid widespread corruption." Along with this hypothesis, the methods for data collection that will be mainly used include qualitative research. This will be mainly comprised of secondary data obtained from published literature such as journals as well as other official documents in the same area of study. The main advantage of using secondary research for this particular research is that the data going to be used is authentic. This data would have been validated in other previous studies. One of the reasons for the financial success of developed countries is their reliance on strict auditing practices. However, one of the reasons for the financial problems of many developing countries is lack of regulation of auditing system. Developing countries fail to apply the right plans for developing because they depend on accounting and neglect the auditing systems. By not involving auditing systems in the process, the range of corruption will increase. Unfortunately, accounting and auditing systems or procedures of developing countries are currently struggling to keep pace with those of the developed nations because they were specifically designed to meet the needs of centrally planned economy and not globalized economies (Prather-Kinsey, 2006). Therefore, the accounting systems lack uniformity as well as accounting standards because they are applied differently across industries and sectors. The auditing and accounting systems normally set clear objectives of providing accounting information related to tax, statistics, and financial

Evidence-based Versus Outcome-focused Practice Essay Example for Free

Evidence-based Versus Outcome-focused Practice Essay In many professions like medicine, psychology, education and psychiatry, outcome-focused practice and evidence-based practice are frequently used among other approaches. Due to lack of evidence-based information, the knowledge that many practitioners have been using is the knowledge that has build up from experience and it has not been researched on, to prove the validity of the same. Nevertheless, this does not mean that the information is always wrong, the information may be right but the evidence of the same may be lacking. Psychology has been affected by this as well as other professionals. Consequently, this essay seeks to analyze both outcome-focused and evidence-based practice and explain how counselors can contribute to the development of evidence-based practice. In addition, it shall also explain some shortcomings of outcome-focused practice and client directed practice. Since evidence based practice is the practice that has been recommended by many associations, it would be of much importance to look at it more comprehensively. According to American Psychological Association (2005), evidence-based practice can refer to combination of the best research available with the clinical knowledge in the context of patient characteristics, culture and preferences. The same studies record that the Institute of Medicine defines the same as the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. In psychology, this is very important as it helps to promote effective psychological practice which eventually enhances public health by the application of empirically supported principles of psychological assessment, therapeutic relationship and intervention. To be in a position to understand comprehensively what is meant by evidence-based practice, it would be necessary to understand the different components of the same. There must be best research evidence which refers to a body of evidence on intervention strategies, assessment procedures and clinical problems among others, drawn from various research designs and methodologies attesting the effectiveness of psychological practices. The evidence should also be based on reasonable sizes, systematic reviews, statistical and clinical significance, and a body of supporting evidence. In order for the research to be valid, the same should be based on progression from clinical observation by systematic reviews from of random clinical trials while at the same time recognizing gaps and limitations in the literature which is already inexistence and its applicability to a specific case (American Psychological Association, 2002). Clinical expertise in psychology refers to all the competencies that promote and lead to positive therapeutic outcome which are inclusive but not limited to conducting assessments and coming up with diagnostic judgments, systematic case formulation, monitoring patient progress, among others. It is actually used to integrate best research evidence with clinical data which can refer to information about the patient and which is usually obtained in course of treatment by the counselor or psychologist. In psychology, treatment is most effective when the services address patient’s specific problems, personality, and socio cultural context. The therapeutic outcome largely depends on some of the patient’s characteristics like readiness to change, level of social support, functional status, chronological age, developmental history and religion. Environmental context like health care disparities, stressors like unemployment, personal preferences and values like world views and goals, are all very important and usually have much to do with the outcome of any psychological intervention. Although the main goal of evidence based practice is to maximize the choice of the patient among other alternative and effective interventions, clinical implications of the same are considered to a very great extent. Having discussed what is meant by evidence-based practice and its components, it would be necessary to discuss the role of a counselor in the development of the evidence based practice. The first role of the counselors should be to join efforts with other researchers and professionals so as to make sure that the all the research data available on psychological practice is both clinically relevant and internally valid. Therefore, they should join the rest in conducting psychological research in order to validate the already available information. The research should also address the widely used psychological principles due to the fact that though there is no evidence to support the same, this does not mean that they are all wrong. For a long time there have been barriers and challenges that face the use of research-based evidence. Since counselors are the people who face these challenges daily in the course of their practice, it would of great significance if they helped in identifying these challenges. After identifying the challenges, they should be addressed if any positive outcome should be expected. However, addressing these challenges may be a very complicated process for any counselor especially without the support of others in the same and in other related professions. Therefore, it if counselors can combine and form organizations that can address this issue much can be realized from the same. For instance, if the problem facing the research happens to be lack of funds, an organization can raise the same easily or even be in a better position to influence some funding organizations to provide funding for the same. The American Psychological Association has been in the front line in ensuring that psychologists deliver the best services to the patients. In order to enhance development of evidence-based practice, counselors should strive to see to it that the psychological principles they use while addressing the problems of the patient are supported by sound evidence. This can only be achieved if they are well informed. It is therefore important for all counselors to be updated on various research findings in their area of profession. This can be achieved through attending various workshops and seminars. It would be very vital for all counselors to disregard all other information that does not originate from the credible sources. Counselors are the key people who can make sure that evidence-based practice is in operational because they deal with the patients directly. On the other hand, outcome-focused practice is a different approach from evidence-based practice, although the goal may actually be the same. Outcome focused generally refers to any approach that is more aimed at attaining the outcome of any method used . It is an approach that also focuses on building an alliance with the client and getting of the feedback from the client. This approach is most of the times client directed and that is the reason as to why the key person in this approach is basically the client. The first step in this approach is to listen and identify what the client want. The psychologist then plans the intervention strategies in such a way that the goals of the client can be easily achieved. To achieve this, the practitioner keeps on getting feedback from the client concerning the whole process to determine whether the goals of the client are being addressed. The reason as to why it is mostly client directed is because it aims at attaining the goals set by the client and the method of doing the same is by using strategies which are also designed by the client (Abraham Michie 2004). Client driven and outcome focused practice is more often than not very successful although this does not mean that it is the best form of practice. Research has shown that it enhances the outcome of those cases that face the risk of the poor outcome more so because the client’s contribution is encouraged. Moreover, it reduces the drop out rates since the client is unlikely to drop, out of the strategy that has been devised to favor him. This practice is widely used especially while dealing with mental health patients as well as other emotional disturbances. Failure to use such a practice while dealing with such sensitive issues can easily interfere with the outcome. However, although outcome focused and client directed practice are widely used especially in psychology, the same has got some shortcomings. Some scholars have urgued that in outcome-focused practice, sometimes the outcome becomes the opposite of what is already expected. This is due to the fact that most of the times the practitioner lays a lot of emphasis on the outcome and forgets all about the process. The process is very important since the outcome largely depends on the process that has been used. For instance, while counseling a bereaved person, the process of doing that is very important as it dictates the outcome of the same. Failure to use the right process may not only interfere with the outcome but it can also easily worsen the condition of the patient or the client. Despite the fact that client directed practice reduces the drop out rates in any intervention procedure as highlighted earlier, there are still some shortcomings of the same. In client directed practice, the use of research based-evidence is sometimes compromised. This is because in this practice, the client is allowed to come up with goals and the means of achieving those goals. The truth is that the counselor may not get the opportunity of using the already available knowledge in solving the problem. Since the client is not actually a professional of the same the required outcome may be achieved but without the use of the best practice method. The counselor also strains a lot while trying to devise ways and means that will best address the client’s problem in a manner that will favor the client (Abraham Michie 2004). In psychology the mode of practice is very important because it does not only affect the outcome, but the future of the subject as well. Since psychology is a science, all strategies and the methods of practice should be adequately researched on before they are applied in solving human problems. This is the main reason that makes a lot of organizations and associations to propose the use of evidence-based practice. This allows the use of strategies that have been verified by use of sound research procedures which is not only effective but also minimizes the chances of having a lot of quacks in the profession. However, there is also outcome-focused practice and client directed practice. The study of the same shows that it is largely used in psychology as it is used in other relevant areas. Although it is highly successful for it improves the outcome of very sensitive issues, it is at the same time not the best. This is because at times it disregards the use of the already researched methods and knowledge which is a draw back, for it prevents change and development in the field of psychology. Moreover, patient’s interpretation of a certain situation may change in the course of the intervention which may complicate the whole procedure or interfere with it altogether (Wilson, Taylor, 2005). Although more emphasis has been laid on the evidence-based practice, outcome and client directed practice cannot and should not be done away with altogether. They are all important, but the counselor should be empowered and be in a position to make the right decision while dealing with the client. Moreover, incorporating evidence based practice should not be rushed because change may actually take some time, especially when a whole system is concerned. Nonetheless, evidence-based and outcome-focused practices are all modes of practice in the field of psychology and contribute differently towards the same. References Abraham, C. Michie, S. , (2004). Health Psychology in Practice. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell. American Psychological Association, (2002). Criteria for evaluating treatment guidelines. Retrieved on 4th April 2010 from: http://www. apa. org/practice/guidelines/evaluating. American Psychological Association, (2005). Policy Statement on Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology. Retrieved on 4th April 2010 from: http://www. apa. org/pi/families/resources/ebp-statement. pdf Wilson, S. G. Taylor, J. , (2005). Applying sport psychology: four perspectives. Champaign, Human Kinetics

My Passion for Business Essay -- Admissions Essay, College Application

There are many dreams revolving around us, some that seem impossible to reach and other that are easily grasped. The diversity of this world is great, and not one person has the same story to tell as another; including me. Ever since I can remember I have been finding ways to be independent; my own women, or in this case, â€Å"little lady.† I would always try to do things my own way. There is a huge list of examples that I could give, but I have decided to discuss what I believe to be the one that would bring out a bit of awe and an understanding of what type of person I have been since a child. When I was younger, around the age of four, I would gather all of my toys that I possibly could. After a great amount accumulated, I would place them on blankets in the playground of our apartment. Then I would lay out papers by each toy with a price that I thought was fair but that would also bring in some, â€Å"mullah† for me. At the end of the day all of my toys were sold to the children that gathered in the playground; and I was able to buy new better toys with the earnings I had made. I ...

A Game of Thrones Chapter Nineteen

Jon The courtyard rang to the song of swords. Under black wool, boiled leather, and mail, sweat trickled icily down Jon's chest as he pressed the attack. Grenn stumbled backward, defending himself clumsily. When he raised his sword, Jon went underneath it with a sweeping blow that crunched against the back of the other boy's leg and sent him staggering. Grenn's downcut was answered by an overhand that dented his helm. When he tried a sideswing, Jon swept aside his blade and slammed a mailed forearm into his chest. Grenn lost his footing and sat down hard in the snow. Jon knocked his sword from his fingers with a slash to his wrist that brought a cry of pain. â€Å"Enough!† Ser Alliser Thorne had a voice with an edge like Valyrian steel. Grenn cradled his hand. â€Å"The bastard broke my wrist.† â€Å"The bastard hamstrung you, opened your empty skull, and cut off your hand. Or would have, if these blades had an edge. It's fortunate for you that the Watch needs stableboys as well as rangers.† Ser Alliser gestured at Jeren and Toad. â€Å"Get the Aurochs on his feet, he has funeral arrangements to make.† Jon took off his helm as the other boys were pulling Grenn to his feet. The frosty morning air felt good on his face. He leaned on his sword, drew a deep breath, and allowed himself a moment to savor the victory. â€Å"That is a longsword, not an old man's cane,† Ser Alliser said sharply. â€Å"Are your legs hurting, Lord Snow?† Jon hated that name, a mockery that Ser Alliser had hung on him the first day he came to practice. The boys had picked it up, and now he heard it everywhere. He slid the longsword back into its scabbard. â€Å"No,† he replied. Thorne strode toward him, crisp black leathers whispering faintly as he moved. He was a compact man of fifty years, spare and hard, with grey in his black hair and eyes like chips of onyx. â€Å"The truth now,† he commanded. â€Å"I'm tired,† Jon admitted. His arm burned from the weight of the longsword, and he was starting to feel his bruises now that the fight was done. â€Å"What you are is weak.† â€Å"I won.† â€Å"No. The Aurochs lost.† One of the other boys sniggered. Jon knew better than to reply. He had beaten everyone that Ser Alliser had sent against him, yet it gained him nothing. The master-at-arms served up only derision. Thorne hated him, Jon had decided; of course, he hated the other boys even worse. â€Å"That will be all,† Thorne told them. â€Å"I can only stomach so much ineptitude in any one day. If the Others ever come for us, I pray they have archers, because you lot are fit for nothing more than arrow fodder.† Jon followed the rest back to the armory, walking alone. He often walked alone here. There were almost twenty in the group he trained with, yet not one he could call a friend. Most were two or three years his senior, yet not one was half the fighter Robb had been at fourteen. Dareon was quick but afraid of being hit. Pyp used his sword like a dagger, Jeren was weak as a girl, Grenn slow and clumsy. Halder's blows were brutally hard but he ran right into your attacks. The more time he spent with them, the more Jon despised them. Inside, Jon hung sword and scabbard from a hook in the stone wall, ignoring the others around him. Methodically, he began to strip off his mail, leather, and sweat-soaked woolens. Chunks of coal burned in iron braziers at either end of the long room, but Jon found himself shivering. The chill was always with him here. In a few years he would forget what it felt like to be warm. The weariness came on him suddenly, as he donned the roughspun blacks that were their everyday wear. He sat on a bench, his fingers fumbling with the fastenings on his cloak. So cold, he thought, remembering the warm halls of Winterfell, where the hot waters ran through the walls like blood through a man's body. There was scant warmth to be found in Castle Black; the walls were cold here, and the people colder. No one had told him the Night's Watch would be like this; no one except Tyrion Lannister. The dwarf had given him the truth on the road north, but by then it had been too late. Jon wondered if his father had known what the Wall would be like. He must have, he thought; that only made it hurt the worse. Even his uncle had abandoned him in this cold place at the end of the world. Up here, the genial Benjen Stark he had known became a different person. He was First Ranger, and he spent his days and nights with Lord Commander Mormont and Maester Aemon and the other high officers, while Jon was given over to the less than tender charge of Ser Alliser Thorne. Three days after their arrival, Jon had heard that Benjen Stark was to lead a half-dozen men on a ranging into the haunted forest. That night he sought out his uncle in the great timbered common hall and pleaded to go with him. Benjen refused him curtly. â€Å"This is not Winterfell,† he told him as he cut his meat with fork and dagger. â€Å"On the Wall, a man gets only what he earns. You're no ranger, Jon, only a green boy with the smell of summer still on you.† Stupidly, Jon argued. â€Å"I'll be fifteen on my name day,† he said. â€Å"Almost a man grown.† Benjen Stark frowned. â€Å"A boy you are, and a boy you'll remain until Ser Alliser says you are fit to be a man of the Night's Watch. If you thought your Stark blood would win you easy favors, you were wrong. We put aside our old families when we swear our vows. Your father will always have a place in my heart, but these are my brothers now.† He gestured with his dagger at the men around them, all the hard cold men in black. Jon rose at dawn the next day to watch his uncle leave. One of his rangers, a big ugly man, sang a bawdy song as he saddled his garron, his breath steaming in the cold morning air. Ben Stark smiled at that, but he had no smile for his nephew. â€Å"How often must I tell you no, Jon? We'll speak when I return.† As he watched his uncle lead his horse into the tunnel, Jon had remembered the things that Tyrion Lannister told him on the kingsroad, and in his mind's eye he saw Ben Stark lying dead, his blood red on the snow. The thought made him sick. What was he becoming? Afterward he sought out Ghost in the loneliness of his cell, and buried his face in his thick white fur. If he must be alone, he would make solitude his armor. Castle Black had no godswood, only a small sept and a drunken septon, but Jon could not find it in him to pray to any gods, old or new. If they were real, he thought, they were as cruel and implacable as winter. He missed his true brothers: little Rickon, bright eyes shining as he begged for a sweet; Robb, his rival and best friend and constant companion; Bran, stubborn and curious, always wanting to follow and join in whatever Jon and Robb were doing. He missed the girls too, even Sansa, who never called him anything but â€Å"my half brother† since she was old enough to understand what bastard meant. And Arya . . . he missed her even more than Robb, skinny little thing that she was, all scraped knees and tangled hair and torn clothes, so fierce and willful. Arya never seemed to fit, no more than he had . . . yet she could always make Jon smile. He would give anything to be with her now, to muss up her hair once more and watch her make a face, to hear her finish a sentence with him. â€Å"You broke my wrist, bastard boy.† Jon lifted his eyes at the sullen voice. Grenn loomed over him, thick of neck and red of face, with three of his friends behind him. He knew Todder, a short ugly boy with an unpleasant voice. The recruits all called him Toad. The other two were the ones Yoren had brought north with them, Jon remembered, rapers taken down in the Fingers. He'd forgotten their names. He hardly ever spoke to them, if he could help it. They were brutes and bullies, without a thimble of honor between them. Jon stood up. â€Å"I'll break the other one for you if you ask nicely.† Grenn was sixteen and a head taller than Jon. All four of them were bigger than he was, but they did not scare him. He'd beaten every one of them in the yard. â€Å"Maybe we'll break you,† one of the rapers said. â€Å"Try.† Jon reached back for his sword, but one of them grabbed his arm and twisted it behind his back. â€Å"You make us look bad,† complained Toad. â€Å"You looked bad before I ever met you,† Jon told him. The boy who had his arm jerked upward on him, hard. Pain lanced through him, but Jon would not cry out. Toad stepped close. â€Å"The little lordling has a mouth on him,† he said. He had pig eyes, small and shiny. â€Å"Is that your mommy's mouth, bastard? What was she, some whore? Tell us her name. Maybe I had her a time or two.† He laughed. Jon twisted like an eel and slammed a heel down across the instep of the boy holding him. There was a sudden cry of pain, and he was free. He flew at Toad, knocked him backward over a bench, and landed on his chest with both hands on his throat, slamming his head against the packed earth. The two from the Fingers pulled him off, throwing him roughly to the ground. Grenn began to kick at him. Jon was rolling away from the blows when a booming voice cut through the gloom of the armory. â€Å"STOP THIS! NOW!† Jon pulled himself to his feet. Donal Noye stood glowering at them. â€Å"The yard is for fighting,† the armorer said. â€Å"Keep your quarrels out of my armory, or I'll make them my quarrels. You won't like that.† Toad sat on the floor, gingerly feeling the back of his head. His fingers came away bloody. â€Å"He tried to kill me.† † ‘S true. I saw it,† one of the rapers put in. â€Å"He broke my wrist,† Grenn said again, holding it out to Noye for inspection. The armorer gave the offered wrist the briefest of glances. â€Å"A bruise. Perhaps a sprain. Maester Aemon will give you a salve. Go with him, Todder, that head wants looking after. The rest of you, return to your cells. Not you, Snow. You stay.† Jon sat heavily on the long wooden bench as the others left, oblivious to the looks they gave him, the silent promises of future retribution. His arm was throbbing. â€Å"The Watch has need of every man it can get,† Donal Noye said when they were alone. â€Å"Even men like Toad. You won't win any honors killing him.† Jon's anger flared. â€Å"He said my mother was—† â€Å"—a whore. I heard him. What of it?† â€Å"Lord Eddard Stark was not a man to sleep with whores,† Jon said icily. â€Å"His honor—† â€Å"—did not prevent him from fathering a bastard. Did it?† Jon was cold with rage. â€Å"Can I go?† â€Å"You go when I tell you to go.† Jon stared sullenly at the smoke rising from the brazier, until Noye took him under the chin, thick fingers twisting his head around. â€Å"Look at me when I'm talking to you, boy.† Jon looked. The armorer had a chest like a keg of ale and a gut to match. His nose was flat and broad, and he always seemed in need of a shave. The left sleeve of his black wool tunic was fastened at the shoulder with a silver pin in the shape of a longsword. â€Å"Words won't make your mother a whore. She was what she was, and nothing Toad says can change that. You know, we have men on the Wall whose mothers were whores.† Not my mother, Jon thought stubbornly. He knew nothing of his mother; Eddard Stark would not talk of her. Yet he dreamed of her at times, so often that he could almost see her face. In his dreams, she was beautiful, and highborn, and her eyes were kind. â€Å"You think you had it hard, being a high lord's bastard?† the armorer went on. â€Å"That boy Jeren is a septon's get, and Cotter Pyke is the baseborn son of a tavern wench. Now he commands Eastwatch by the Sea.† â€Å"I don't care,† Jon said. â€Å"I don't care about them and I don't care about you or Thorne or Benjen Stark or any of it. I hate it here. It's too . . . it's cold.† â€Å"Yes. Cold and hard and mean, that's the Wall, and the men who walk it. Not like the stories your wet nurse told you. Well, piss on the stories and piss on your wet nurse. This is the way it is, and you're here for life, same as the rest of us.† â€Å"Life,† Jon repeated bitterly. The armorer could talk about life. He'd had one. He'd only taken the black after he'd lost an arm at the siege of Storm's End. Before that he'd smithed for Stannis Baratheon, the king's brother. He'd seen the Seven Kingdoms from one end to the other; he'd feasted and wenched and fought in a hundred battles. They said it was Donal Noye who'd forged King Robert's warhammer, the one that crushed the life from Rhaegar Targaryen on the Trident. He'd done all the things that Jon would never do, and then when he was old, well past thirty, he'd taken a glancing blow from an axe and the wound had festered until the whole arm had to come off. Only then, crippled, had Donal Noye come to the Wall, when his life was all but over. â€Å"Yes, life,† Noye said. â€Å"A long life or a short one, it's up to you, Snow. The road you're walking, one of your brothers will slit your throat for you one night.† â€Å"They're not my brothers,† Jon snapped. â€Å"They hate me because I'm better than they are.† â€Å"No. They hate you because you act like you're better than they are. They look at you and see a castle-bred bastard who thinks he's a lordling.† The armorer leaned close. â€Å"You're no lordling. Remember that. You're a Snow, not a Stark. You're a bastard and a bully.† â€Å"A bully?† Jon almost choked on the word. The accusation was so unjust it took his breath away. â€Å"They were the ones who came after me. Four of them.† â€Å"Four that you've humiliated in the yard. Four who are probably afraid of you. I've watched you fight. It's not training with you. Put a good edge on your sword, and they'd be dead meat; you know it, I know it, they know it. You leave them nothing. You shame them. Does that make you proud?† Jon hesitated. He did feel proud when he won. Why shouldn't he? But the armorer was taking that away too, making it sound as if he were doing something wrong. â€Å"They're all older than me,† he said defensively. â€Å"Older and bigger and stronger, that's the truth. I'll wager your master-at-arms taught you how to fight bigger men at Winterfell, though. Who was he, some old knight?† â€Å"Ser Rodrik Cassel,† Jon said warily. There was a trap here. He felt it closing around him. Donal Noye leaned forward, into Jon's face. â€Å"Now think on this, boy. None of these others have ever had a master-at-arms until Ser Alliser. Their fathers were farmers and wagonmen and poachers, smiths and miners and oars on a trading galley. What they know of fighting they learned between decks, in the alleys of Oldtown and Lannisport, in wayside brothels and taverns on the kingsroad. They may have clacked a few sticks together before they came here, but I promise you, not one in twenty was ever rich enough to own a real sword.† His look was grim. â€Å"So how do you like the taste of your victories now, Lord Snow?† â€Å"Don't call me that!† Jon said sharply, but the force had gone out of his anger. Suddenly he felt ashamed and guilty. â€Å"I never . . . I didn't think . . . â€Å" â€Å"Best you start thinking,† Noye warned him. â€Å"That, or sleep with a dagger by your bed. Now go.† By the time Jon left the armory, it was almost midday. The sun had broken through the clouds. He turned his back on it and lifted his eyes to the Wall, blazing blue and crystalline in the sunlight. Even after all these weeks, the sight of it still gave him the shivers. Centuries of windblown dirt had pocked and scoured it, covering it like a film, and it often seemed a pale grey, the color of an overcast sky . . . but when the sun caught it fair on a bright day, it shone, alive with light, a colossal blue-white cliff that filled up half the sky. The largest structure ever built by the hands of man, Benjen Stark had told Jon on the kingsroad when they had first caught sight of the Wall in the distance. â€Å"And beyond a doubt the most useless,† Tyrion Lannister had added with a grin, but even the Imp grew silent as they rode closer. You could see it from miles off, a pale blue line across the northern horizon, stretching away to the east and west and vanishing in the far distance, immense and unbroken. This is the end of the world, it seemed to say. When they finally spied Castle Black, its timbered keeps and stone towers looked like nothing more than a handful of toy blocks scattered on the snow, beneath the vast wall of ice. The ancient stronghold of the black brothers was no Winterfell, no true castle at all. Lacking walls, it could not be defended, not from the south, or east, or west; but it was only the north that concerned the Night's Watch, and to the north loomed the Wall. Almost seven hundred feet high it stood, three times the height of the tallest tower in the stronghold it sheltered. His uncle said the top was wide enough for a dozen armored knights to ride abreast. The gaunt outlines of huge catapults and monstrous wooden cranes stood sentry up there, like the skeletons of great birds, and among them walked men in black as small as ants. As he stood outside the armory looking up, Jon felt almost as overwhelmed as he had that day on the kingsroad, when he'd seen it for the first time. The Wall was like that. Sometimes he could almost forget that it was there, the way you forgot about the sky or the earth underfoot, but there were other times when it seemed as if there was nothing else in the world. It was older than the Seven Kingdoms, and when he stood beneath it and looked up, it made Jon dizzy. He could feel the great weight of all that ice pressing down on him, as if it were about to topple, and somehow Jon knew that if it fell, the world fell with it. â€Å"Makes you wonder what lies beyond,† a familiar voice said. Jon looked around. â€Å"Lannister. I didn't see—I mean, I thought I was alone.† Tyrion Lannister was bundled in furs so thickly he looked like a very small bear. â€Å"There's much to be said for taking people unawares. You never know what you might learn.† â€Å"You won't learn anything from me,† Jon told him. He had seen little of the dwarf since their journey ended. As the queen's own brother, Tyrion Lannister had been an honored guest of the Night's Watch. The Lord Commander had given him rooms in the King's Tower—so-called, though no king had visited it for a hundred years—and Lannister dined at Mormont's own table and spent his days riding the Wall and his nights dicing and drinking with Ser Alliser and Bowen Marsh and the other high officers. â€Å"Oh, I learn things everywhere I go.† The little man gestured up at the Wall with a gnarled black walking stick. â€Å"As I was saying . . . why is it that when one man builds a wall, the next man immediately needs to know what's on the other side?† He cocked his head and looked at Jon with his curious mismatched eyes. â€Å"You do want to know what's on the other side, don't you?† â€Å"It's nothing special,† Jon said. He wanted to ride with Benjen Stark on his rangings, deep into the mysteries of the haunted forest, wanted to fight Mance Rayder's wildlings and ward the realm against the Others, but it was better not to speak of the things you wanted. â€Å"The rangers say it's just woods and mountains and frozen lakes, with lots of snow and ice.† â€Å"And the grumkins and the snarks,† Tyrion said. â€Å"Let us not forget them, Lord Snow, or else what's that big thing for?† â€Å"Don't call me Lord Snow.† The dwarf lifted an eyebrow. â€Å"Would you rather be called the Imp? Let them see that their words can cut you, and you'll never be free of the mockery. If they want to give you a name, take it, make it your own. Then they can't hurt you with it anymore.† He gestured with his stick. â€Å"Come, walk with me. They'll be serving some vile stew in the common hall by now, and I could do with a bowl of something hot.† Jon was hungry too, so he fell in beside Lannister and slowed his pace to match the dwarf's awkward, waddling steps. The wind was rising, and they could hear the old wooden buildings creaking around them, and in the distance a heavy shutter banging, over and over, forgotten. Once there was a muffled thump as a blanket of snow slid from a roof and landed near them. â€Å"I don't see your wolf,† Lannister said as they walked. â€Å"I chain him up in the old stables when we're training. They board all the horses in the east stables now, so no one bothers him. The rest of the time he stays with me. My sleeping cell is in Hardin's Tower.† â€Å"That's the one with the broken battlement, no? Shattered stone in the yard below, and a lean to it like our noble king Robert after a long night's drinking? I thought all those buildings had been abandoned.† Jon shrugged. â€Å"No one cares where you sleep. Most of the old keeps are empty, you can pick any cell you want.† Once Castle Black had housed five thousand fighting men with all their horses and servants and weapons. Now it was home to a tenth that number, and parts of it were falling into ruin. Tyrion Lannister's laughter steamed in the cold air. â€Å"I'll be sure to tell your father to arrest more stonemasons, before your tower collapses.† Jon could taste the mockery there, but there was no denying the truth. The Watch had built nineteen great strongholds along the Wall, but only three were still occupied: Eastwatch on its grey windswept shore, the ShadowTower hard by the mountains where the Wall ended, and Castle Black between them, at the end of the kingsroad. The other keeps, long deserted, were lonely, haunted places, where cold winds whistled through black windows and the spirits of the dead manned the parapets. â€Å"It's better that I'm by myself,† Jon said stubbornly. â€Å"The rest of them are scared of Ghost.† â€Å"Wise boys,† Lannister said. Then he changed the subject. â€Å"The talk is, your uncle is too long away.† Jon remembered the wish he'd wished in his anger, the vision of Benjen Stark dead in the snow, and he looked away quickly. The dwarf had a way of sensing things, and Jon did not want him to see the guilt in his eyes. â€Å"He said he'd be back by my name day,† he admitted. His name day had come and gone, unremarked, a fortnight past. â€Å"They were looking for Ser Waymar Royce, his father is bannerman to Lord Arryn. Uncle Benjen said they might search as far as the ShadowTower. That's all the way up in the mountains.† â€Å"I hear that a good many rangers have vanished of late,† Lannister said as they mounted the steps to the common hall. He grinned and pulled open the door. â€Å"Perhaps the grumkins are hungry this year.† Inside, the hall was immense and drafty, even with a fire roaring in its great hearth. Crows nested in the timbers of its lofty ceiling. Jon heard their cries overhead as he accepted a bowl of stew and a heel of black bread from the day's cooks. Grenn and Toad and some of the others were seated at the bench nearest the warmth, laughing and cursing each other in rough voices. Jon eyed them thoughtfully for a moment. Then he chose a spot at the far end of the hall, well away from the other diners. Tyrion Lannister sat across from him, sniffing at the stew suspiciously. â€Å"Barley, onion, carrot,† he muttered. â€Å"Someone should tell the cooks that turnip isn't a meat.† â€Å"It's mutton stew.† Jon pulled off his gloves and warmed his hands in the steam rising from the bowl. The smell made his mouth water. â€Å"Snow.† Jon knew Alliser Thorne's voice, but there was a curious note in it that he had not heard before. He turned. â€Å"The Lord Commander wants to see you. Now.† For a moment Jon was too frightened to move. Why would the Lord Commander want to see him? They had heard something about Benjen, he thought wildly, he was dead, the vision had come true. â€Å"Is it my uncle?† he blurted. â€Å"Is he returned safe?† â€Å"The Lord Commander is not accustomed to waiting,† was Ser Alliser's reply. â€Å"And I am not accustomed to having my commands questioned by bastards.† Tyrion Lannister swung off the bench and rose. â€Å"Stop it, Thorne. You're frightening the boy.† â€Å"Keep out of matters that don't concern you, Lannister. You have no place here.† â€Å"I have a place at court, though,† the dwarf said, smiling. â€Å"A word in the right ear, and you'll die a sour old man before you get another boy to train. Now tell Snow why the Old Bear needs to see him. Is there news of his uncle?† â€Å"No,† Ser Alliser said. â€Å"This is another matter entirely. A bird arrived this morning from Winterfell, with a message that concerns his brother.† He corrected himself. â€Å"His half brother.† â€Å"Bran,† Jon breathed, scrambling to his feet. â€Å"Something's happened to Bran.† Tyrion Lannister laid a hand on his arm. â€Å"Jon,† he said. â€Å"I am truly sorry.† Jon scarcely heard him. He brushed off Tyrion's hand and strode across the hall. He was running by the time he hit the doors. He raced to the Commander's Keep, dashing through drifts of old snow. When the guards passed him, he took the tower steps two at a time. By the time he burst into the presence of the Lord Commander, his boots were soaked and Jon was wild-eyed and panting. â€Å"Bran,† he said. â€Å"What does it say about Bran?† Jeor Mormont, Lord Commander of the Night's Watch, was a gruff old man with an immense bald head and a shaggy grey beard. He had a raven on his arm, and he was feeding it kernels of corn. â€Å"I am told you can read.† He shook the raven off, and it flapped its wings and flew to the window, where it sat watching as Mormont drew a roll of paper from his belt and handed it to Jon. â€Å"Corn,† it muttered in a raucous voice. â€Å"Corn, corn.† Jon's finger traced the outline of the direwolf in the white wax of the broken seat. He recognized Robb's hand, but the letters seemed to blur and run as he tried to read them. He realized he was crying. And then, through the tears, he found the sense in the words, and raised his head. â€Å"He woke up,† he said. â€Å"The gods gave him back.† â€Å"Crippled,† Mormont said. â€Å"I'm sorry, boy. Read the rest of the letter.† He looked at the words, but they didn't matter. Nothing mattered. Bran was going to live. â€Å"My brother is going to live,† he told Mormont. The Lord Commander shook his head, gathered up a fistful of corn, and whistled. The raven flew to his shoulder, crying, â€Å"Live! Live!† Jon ran down the stairs, a smile on his face and Robb's letter in his hand. â€Å"My brother is going to live,† he told the guards. They exchanged a look. He ran back to the common hall, where he found Tyrion Lannister just finishing his meal. He grabbed the little man under the arms, hoisted him up in the air, and spun him around in a circle. â€Å"Bran is going to live!† he whooped. Lannister looked startled. Jon put him down and thrust the paper into his hands. â€Å"Here, read it,† he said. Others were gathering around and looking at him curiously. Jon noticed Grenn a few feet away. A thick woolen bandage was wrapped around one hand. He looked anxious and uncomfortable, not menacing at all. Jon went to him. Grenn edged backward and put up his hands. â€Å"Stay away from me now, you bastard.† Jon smiled at him. â€Å"I'm sorry about your wrist. Robb used the same move on me once, only with a wooden blade. It hurt like seven hells, but yours must be worse. Look, if you want, I can show you how to defend that.† Alliser Thorne overheard him. â€Å"Lord Snow wants to take my place now.† He sneered. â€Å"I'd have an easier time teaching a wolf to juggle than you will training this aurochs.† â€Å"I'll take that wager, Ser Alliser,† Jon said. â€Å"I'd love to see Ghost juggle.† Jon heard Grenn suck in his breath, shocked. Silence fell. Then Tyrion Lannister guffawed. Three of the black brothers joined in from a nearby table. The laughter spread up and down the benches, until even the cooks joined in. The birds stirred in the rafters, and finally even Grenn began to chuckle. Ser Alliser never took his eyes from Jon. As the laughter rolled around him, his face darkened, and his sword hand curled into a fist. â€Å"That was a grievous error, Lord Snow,† he said at last in the acid tones of an enemy.